Застосування методики визначення допустимих рівнів напруг дотику та струмів для забезпечення електробезпеки

Abstract

UK: Запропоновано концепцію електробезпеки та методику розрахунку гранично допустимих величин напруг дотику та струмів з урахуванням енергії, яка поглинається тілом людини. Наведено окремий приклад розрахунку граничних напруг дотику та струмів через тіло людини при роботі на конкретній установці з високим вихідним опором. EN: In article the problem of an electro traumatism and the new approach for its decision is considered. It is noticed that the typical reasons of electro traumas are events-preconditions: an error of the person, refusal of an electric equipment and adverse external action on them; occurrence of the dangerous factor (electric energy) in an unexpected place; absence or malfunction of the protection frames provided on these cases and inexact actions of the person in such situation; distribution and action of electric energy on the person. Therefore for maintenance of the accepted level of safe conditions of the person interaction with electro installations in the certain environment the new concept of electro traumatism risk reduction is offered. It is noticed that for maintenance of the accepted level of safe conditions of person interaction with electro installations in the certain environment the sudden, unapproved exit of electric energy from electro technical systems on the person should not exceed its limiting values; maximum permissible values of electric energy absorbed by a body of the person should be established taking into consideration parameters of the concrete person, limiting values of touch pressure, a current which proceeds through a body of the person, sorts, frequencies, and time of action of a current. The technique of definition of maximum permissible sizes of pressure of a touch and currents taking into account energy absorbed by the body of the person is offered. It is proved that admissible value for energy of an alternating current of industrial frequency which can be absorbed by body of the person, should not exceed value of 0,36 J. Dependence between size of a maximum permissible current of industrial frequency and times of its action, size of pressure of a touch, admissible energy which is absorbed by a body of the person, and parameters of a body of the person is received. The example of practical realization of a design procedure of maximum permissible sizes of pressure of a touch and currents taking into account energy absorbed by a body of the person, for concrete installation with high initial resistance is given. Application of the offered concept and a technique will allow reducing risk of an electro traumatism at the power branch enterprises.